HKU professor apologizes after PhD student’s AI-assisted paper cites fabricated sources.
Updated
January 8, 2026 6:33 PM
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The University of Hong Kong in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island. PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK
It’s no surprise that artificial intelligence, while remarkably capable, can also go astray—spinning convincing but entirely fabricated narratives. From politics to academia, AI’s “hallucinations” have repeatedly shown how powerful technology can go off-script when left unchecked.
Take Grok-2, for instance. In July 2024, the chatbot misled users about ballot deadlines in several U.S. states, just days after President Joe Biden dropped his re-election bid against former President Donald Trump. A year earlier, a U.S. lawyer found himself in court for relying on ChatGPT to draft a legal brief—only to discover that the AI tool had invented entire cases, citations and judicial opinions. And now, the academic world has its own cautionary tale.
Recently, a journal paper from the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong was found to contain fabricated citations—sources apparently created by AI. The paper, titled “Forty Years of Fertility Transition in Hong Kong,” analyzed the decline in Hong Kong’s fertility rate over the past four decades. Authored by doctoral student Yiming Bai, along with Yip Siu-fai, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and other university officials, the study identified falling marriage rates as a key driver behind the city’s shrinking birth rate. The authors recommended structural reforms to make Hong Kong’s social and work environment more family-friendly.
But the credibility of the paper came into question when inconsistencies surfaced among its references. Out of 61 cited works, some included DOI (Digital Object Identifier) links that led to dead ends, displaying “DOI Not Found.” Others claimed to originate from academic journals, yet searches yielded no such publications.
Speaking to HK01, Yip acknowledged that his student had used AI tools to organize the citations but failed to verify the accuracy of the generated references. “As the corresponding author, I bear responsibility”, Yip said, apologizing for the damage caused to the University of Hong Kong and the journal’s reputation. He clarified that the paper itself had undergone two rounds of verification and that its content was not fabricated—only the citations had been mishandled.
Yip has since contacted the journal’s editor, who accepted his explanation and agreed to re-upload a corrected version in the coming days. A formal notice addressing the issue will also be released. Yip said he would personally review each citation “piece by piece” to ensure no errors remain.
As for the student involved, Yip described her as a diligent and high-performing researcher who made an honest mistake in her first attempt at using AI for academic assistance. Rather than penalize her, Yip chose a more constructive approach, urging her to take a course on how to use AI tools responsibly in academic research.
Ultimately, in an age where generative AI can produce everything from essays to legal arguments, there are two lessons to take away from this episode. First, AI is a powerful assistant, but only that. The final judgment must always rest with us. No matter how seamless the output seems, cross-checking and verifying information remain essential. Second, as AI becomes integral to academic and professional life, institutions must equip students and employees with the skills to use it responsibly. Training and mentorship are no longer optional; they’re the foundation for using AI to enhance, not undermine, human work.
Because in this age of intelligent machines, staying relevant isn’t about replacing human judgment with AI, it’s about learning how to work alongside it.
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The collaboration between Oversonic Robotics and STMicroelectronics highlights how robotics is beginning to fill gaps traditional automation cannot.
Updated
January 23, 2026 10:41 AM
3D render of humanoid robots working in a factory assembly line. PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK
Oversonic Robotics, an Italian company known for building cognitive humanoid robots, has signed an agreement with STMicroelectronics, one of the world’s largest semiconductor manufacturers, to deploy humanoid robots inside semiconductor plants.
According to the companies, this is the first time cognitive humanoid robots will be used operationally inside semiconductor manufacturing facilities. And the first deployment has already taken place at ST’s advanced packaging and test plant in Malta.
At the center of the collaboration is RoBee, Oversonic’s humanoid robot. RoBee is designed to carry out support tasks within industrial environments, particularly where flexibility and interaction with human workers are required. In ST’s factories, the robots will assist with complex manufacturing and logistics flows linked to new semiconductor products. They are intended to work alongside existing automation systems, not replace them.
RoBee is notable for its ability to operate in environments shared with people. It is currently the only humanoid robot certified for use in both industrial and healthcare settings and is already in operation within several Italian companies. The robot is also being used in experimental hospital programs. That background helped position RoBee for deployment in tightly controlled manufacturing environments such as semiconductor plants.
Fabio Puglia, President of Oversonic Robotics, described the agreement as a milestone for deploying humanoid robots in complex industrial settings: “The partnership with STMicroelectronics is a great source of pride for us because it embodies the vision of cognitive robotics that Oversonic has brought to the industrial and healthcare markets. Being the first to introduce cognitive humanoid robots in a sophisticated production context such as semiconductors means measuring ourselves against the highest standards in terms of reliability, safety and operational continuity. This agreement represents a fundamental milestone for Oversonic and, more generally, for the industrial challenges these new machines are called to face in innovative and highly complex environments, alongside people and supporting their quality of work”.
From STMicroelectronics’ side, the use of humanoid robots is framed as part of a broader effort to manage growing manufacturing complexity. he company said RoBee will support complex tasks and help manage the intricate production flows required by newer semiconductor products. It is also expected to contribute to improved product quality and shorter manufacturing cycle times. The robots are designed to integrate with existing automation and software systems, helping improve safety and operational continuity.
In semiconductor manufacturing, precision and reliability leave little room for experimentation. Therefore, introducing humanoid robots into this environment signals a practical shift. It shows how robotics is starting to fill gaps that traditional automation has struggled to address.