Can innovation truly deliver affordable housing to those who need it most?
Updated
November 27, 2025 3:26 PM
Close up of a 3D printer nozzle pouring concrete. PHOTO: ICON
The affordable housing crisis has become one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Across the globe, millions of people are struggling to secure a roof over their heads. In cities like San Francisco, housing prices are so high that even middle-income families find themselves shut out of the market.
The root of this crisis lies in a persistent imbalance: the supply of housing has failed to keep pace with growing demand. Factors such as high construction costs, bureaucratic hurdles, and limited available land in urban areas have made it increasingly difficult to build enough homes quickly and affordably. The result is a market where housing remains inaccessible to millions, even as the need becomes more urgent.
Technology is now stepping in to address these challenges in ways that were unimaginable just a decade ago. From streamlining construction processes to introducing new financing models and data-driven tools, tech innovations are rethinking how homes are built, financed, and accessed. But while these advancements offer hope, they also raise important questions: can they truly address the root causes of the housing crisis, or are they simply patching up a fractured system?
The housing crisis begins with supply shortage: we simply aren’t building enough homes. Traditional construction methods are expensive, slow, and reliant on labor that is increasingly hard to find. This is where technology is making its most significant impact. Startups likeICON and Veev are leading the charge, using cutting-edge solutions to make housing more efficient and affordable.
ICON, for instance, uses 3D printing to build homes faster and at a lower cost. By printing the structure of a house directly on-site, ICON reduces waste, labor requirements, and construction time. Entire neighborhoods of 3D-printed homes are already being built, showcasing how this technology can scale.
Veev, on the other hand, focuses on prefabricated construction. By manufacturing high-quality components like walls and steel frames in a controlled factory environment, Veev eliminates inefficiencies associated with on-site building. These components are then assembled on location, drastically reducing construction time and costs. This approach mirrors the principles of mass production seen in industries like automotive manufacturing, where efficiency and scalability are key.
While building more homes is essential, access to housing often depend son financing. For many people, especially those with low or irregular incomes, the traditional mortgage system presents insurmountable barriers. Fintech innovations are stepping in to make housing financing more inclusive and flexible.
Access to affordable housing often hinges on financing, and innovative financial technology (fintech) solutions are beginning to change the landscape. Some platforms are offering new ways for individuals to transition from renting to owning, while others are introducing shared equity models that reduce the traditional barriers of large down payments and strict credit requirements. For example, companies like Point use shared-equity financing, where homeowners receive funds in exchange for a percentage of their home’s future value instead of taking on traditional debt. Meanwhile, startups are building tools that automate and simplify and revolutionizing the mortgage process, making it easier for underserved populations to access loans tailored to their needs.
Blockchain technology is also changing the game. By digitizing land titles and creating secure records of financial transactions, blockchain reduces the complexity and difficulty of accessing credit, especially for those with limited traditional credit. This is particularly impactful in regions where informal economies dominate and traditional proof of income is scarce. These tools create a pathway to homeownership for individuals who would otherwise be excluded from the system.
Beyond building and financing, technology is transforming how we understand and address housing needs. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing risk assessment in the mortgage industry by analyzing a broader range of financial behaviors, such as rent and utility payments, to provide a more inclusive picture of creditworthiness.
At the same time, AI and big data are helping policymakers and developers make smarter decisions about where and how to build. By analyzing population trends, commuting patterns, and infrastructure needs, these tools ensure that new housing developments are built in the right places, reducing wasteful construction and improving urban planning.
For example, startups are using 3D scanning and machine learning to map informal settlements and identify buildings at risk of collapse. These insights not only improve safety but also guide investment toward areas where housing is most desperately needed.
The housing crisis is one of the most complex challenges of our time, and technology alone cannot solve it. But it can provide powerful tools to address specific pain points, from streamlining construction to expanding access to financing. Startups like ICON, Veev, and Landis are proving that innovation can lower costs, improve efficiency, and make housing more inclusive.
However, the ultimate solution lies in a combination of technology, policy reform, and community engagement. Governments must work alongside tech innovators to create urban environments that prioritize affordability, sustainability, and accessibility.
The future of housing isn’t just about building more homes; it’s about building smarter, greener, and fairer cities where everyone has a place to call home. By integrating cutting-edge technologies with forward-thinking policies, we can move closer to a world where affordable housing is not an aspiration but a reality.
The question is no longer whether technology can solve the housing crisis—it’s how we will use it wisely to create lasting change.
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HKU professor apologizes after PhD student’s AI-assisted paper cites fabricated sources.
Updated
November 28, 2025 4:18 PM
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The University of Hong Kong in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island. PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK
It’s no surprise that artificial intelligence, while remarkably capable, can also go astray—spinning convincing but entirely fabricated narratives. From politics to academia, AI’s “hallucinations” have repeatedly shown how powerful technology can go off-script when left unchecked.
Take Grok-2, for instance. In July 2024, the chatbot misled users about ballot deadlines in several U.S. states, just days after President Joe Biden dropped his re-election bid against former President Donald Trump. A year earlier, a U.S. lawyer found himself in court for relying on ChatGPT to draft a legal brief—only to discover that the AI tool had invented entire cases, citations and judicial opinions. And now, the academic world has its own cautionary tale.
Recently, a journal paper from the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong was found to contain fabricated citations—sources apparently created by AI. The paper, titled “Forty Years of Fertility Transition in Hong Kong,” analyzed the decline in Hong Kong’s fertility rate over the past four decades. Authored by doctoral student Yiming Bai, along with Yip Siu-fai, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and other university officials, the study identified falling marriage rates as a key driver behind the city’s shrinking birth rate. The authors recommended structural reforms to make Hong Kong’s social and work environment more family-friendly.
But the credibility of the paper came into question when inconsistencies surfaced among its references. Out of 61 cited works, some included DOI (Digital Object Identifier) links that led to dead ends, displaying “DOI Not Found.” Others claimed to originate from academic journals, yet searches yielded no such publications.
Speaking to HK01, Yip acknowledged that his student had used AI tools to organize the citations but failed to verify the accuracy of the generated references. “As the corresponding author, I bear responsibility”, Yip said, apologizing for the damage caused to the University of Hong Kong and the journal’s reputation. He clarified that the paper itself had undergone two rounds of verification and that its content was not fabricated—only the citations had been mishandled.
Yip has since contacted the journal’s editor, who accepted his explanation and agreed to re-upload a corrected version in the coming days. A formal notice addressing the issue will also be released. Yip said he would personally review each citation “piece by piece” to ensure no errors remain.
As for the student involved, Yip described her as a diligent and high-performing researcher who made an honest mistake in her first attempt at using AI for academic assistance. Rather than penalize her, Yip chose a more constructive approach, urging her to take a course on how to use AI tools responsibly in academic research.
Ultimately, in an age where generative AI can produce everything from essays to legal arguments, there are two lessons to take away from this episode. First, AI is a powerful assistant, but only that. The final judgment must always rest with us. No matter how seamless the output seems, cross-checking and verifying information remain essential. Second, as AI becomes integral to academic and professional life, institutions must equip students and employees with the skills to use it responsibly. Training and mentorship are no longer optional; they’re the foundation for using AI to enhance, not undermine, human work.
Because in this age of intelligent machines, staying relevant isn’t about replacing human judgment with AI, it’s about learning how to work alongside it.